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1.
Rev. chil. radiol ; 19(1): 31-37, 2013. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-677332

ABSTRACT

La masificación de la radiología digital ha hecho posible el estudio de diferentes patologías mediante imágenes de alta calidad diagnóstica. Existen diferentes patologías que afectan al tejido óseo, y que producen pérdida del mineral(1). Aquellas patologías se caracterizan por la pérdida de la arquitectura trabecular y un adelgazamiento de la cortical(7), visibles en la radiología. Aquellos cambios llevan al paciente a caer en el riesgo de sufrir futuras fracturas(8), por lo que se considera importante realizar un análisis de la geometría de las trabéculas ante este tipo de patología, con el fin de prever riesgos de fractura. Material y Métodos. Para realizar este estudio, se escogió un fémur de bovino(19). Este fue sumergido en ácido acético al 4 por ciento, con el fin de producir su desmineralización. Se le realizó una medición cada 24 horas mediante la adquisición de imágenes radiológicas, que fueron obtenidas con un equipo digital directo hasta observar cambios radiológicos evidentes en la población trabecular. Las imágenes fueron evaluadas mediante un software de libre acceso llamado ImageJ®(23), realizando mediciones trabeculares mediante la herramienta ROI, y se adquirieron los valores de área, perímetro y circularidad. Resultados. En las 10 trabéculas estudiadas se observaron y cuantificaron cambios en la arquitectura trabecular, aumentando el área en un 124 por ciento, el perímetro en un 53 por ciento y la circularidad se mantuvo en promedio constante. Conclusiones: Mediante la radiología digital, es posible evaluar la arquitectura trabecular mediante parámetros geométricos, los cuales nos indican que existen cambios muy pequeños a lo largo del tiempo. Se observó un aumento de tamaño en las trabéculas, pero sin pérdida de su forma.


Introduction. The mass use of digital radiology has made possible the study of different pathologies through high quality diagnostic images. There are different diseases that affect bone tissue and which produce mineral loss (1). Those diseases are characterized by loss of trabecular architecture and cortical thinning (7), visible in radiology. Those changes lead the patient to suffer the risk of future fractures (8), therefore it is considered important to analyze the geometry of the trabeculae in this kind of pathology in order to anticipate fracture risk. Material and Methods. For this study, a bovine's femur was chosen(19). This was immersed in 4 percent acetic acid to produce demineralization. Measurement was performed (in Clinica Alemana Santiago) every 24 hours by radiological imagings, which were obtained with digital radiology (DR) to observe obvious radiological changes in trabecular population. The images were evaluated by a freely available software called ImageJ® (23), by performing Trabecular measurements using the ROI tool, acquiring the values of area, perimeter and circularity. Results. In the 10 trabeculae studied, we observed and quantified changes in trabecular architecture, increasing the value of average area in 124 percent, perimeter in 53 percent and no change in circularity during the demineralization process. Conclusions. With digital radiography, it is possible to evaluate the trabecular architecture using geometric parameters, which indicate that there are very small changes over time. An increase in size of the trabeculae was observed, trabeculae was observed, but without loss of shape.


Subject(s)
Animals , Bone Demineralization, Pathologic/chemically induced , Femur/pathology , Femur , Radiographic Image Enhancement/methods , Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted , Decalcification, Pathologic/chemically induced , Time Factors , Bone Demineralization Technique/methods , Acetic Acid
2.
SDJ-Saudi Dental Journal [The]. 2011; 23 (2): 55-59
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-129673

ABSTRACT

Orthodontic treatment is associated with a number of adverse effects, such as root resorption, pain, pulpal changes, periodontal disease, and temporomandibular dysfunction [TMD]. Orthodontists should be aware of these effects and associated risk factors. Risk factors linked to root resorption include the duration of treatment, length, and shape of the root, trauma history, habits, and genetic predisposition


Subject(s)
Humans , Orthodontics, Corrective , Root Resorption , Periodontal Diseases , Temporomandibular Joint Disc , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders , Decalcification, Pathologic , Pain , Risk Factors
3.
Rev. cienc. salud ; 13(1): 56-60, dic. 2009. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-567077

ABSTRACT

Rickets with deficiency etiology is a pathology which is currently infrequent in Chile; it is usually associated with hereditary causes or as a secondary consequence of other pathologies. It is produced by insufficient mineralization of the organic matrix of the skeleton or bones, and affects the epiphyseal growth plate. We report a clinical case of a child aged 15 months from La Serena with a history of osteomalacia in the paternal family; in a well baby examination genu varum was detected along with a metaphyseal thickening of the wrists and costal rosary. A laboratory and radiological study was initiated because of suspected rickets; the patient was referred to the Roberto del Rio Hospital in Santiago for a detailed endocrinological and genetic study.


El raquitismo de etiología carencial es una patología actualmente poco frecuente en nuestro país, cobrando mayor importancia en su incidencia las causas hereditarias y las secundarias a otras patologías. Es producido por mineralización insuficiente de la matriz orgánica del esqueleto u osteoide, que afecta la placa de crecimiento epifisiaria. Se presenta un caso clínico de una lactante de 1 año 3 meses, con antecedentes familiares por línea paterna de osteomalacia, residente en La Serena, en la que en su control de niño sano, se detecta genu varum, leve ensanchamiento metatisiario de muñecas y rosario costal. Se inicia estudio de laboratorio y radiológico por sospecha de raquitismo, obteniéndose resultados sugerentes de ésta enfermedad, derivándose la paciente al Hospital Roberto del Río en Santiago de Chile para completar estudio endocrinológico y genético.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant , Primary Health Care , Rickets/diagnosis , Decalcification, Pathologic , Osteomalacia
4.
Int. j. morphol ; 26(4): 945-950, Dec. 2008. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-532953

ABSTRACT

The present work studied the adverse effects of maternal exposure of rats to alcohol during lactation, on the development of their off spring. Histometric evaluation by karyometry and of the alveolar bone at the level of the first upper molar of the sucking was perfomed. Two groups of animals, one coming from mothers exposed to drinking water containing 20 percent ethanol during the total lactation period and the other of controls coming from mothers receiving only alcohol-free drinking water during this period. On the 21 first day of lactation the young of each group were aleatorily selected and following anesthesia, their heads severed; after histological treatment, serial 6 ìm sections on the frontal plane at the molar level, stained with hematoxilin and eosin, were obtained. The experimental results produced, suggest that sucking from ethanol-treated mothers, show retarded post-natal growth, their alveolar bones presenting scarce, little calcified trabeculae, and a more abundant bone marrow compared to controls.


Considerando que la lactancia es un período importante y vulnerable, y que la exposición materna al alcohol durante esta fase puede provocar efectos adversos en las crías en desarrollo, el propósito del presente trabajo es evaluar histométricamente (mediante cariometría y estereología), el hueso alveolar a nivel del primer molar superior, de ratas lactantes sometidas a los efectos del etanol. Con esa finalidad utilizamos dos grupos, uno que recibió etanol al 20 por ciento en el bebedero, durante todo el período de lactancia (21días), y otro que recibió solo agua. En el 21° día de lactancia, 5 ratas de cada grupo fueron aleatoriamente seleccionadas. Después de sacrificados, los animales fueron fijados en formol al 10 por ciento. Las cabezas, separadas de los cuerpos, fueron incluidas en parafina, y cortadas seriadamente con 6 Lim de grosor, a partir de un plano frontal al nivel de los molares, y teñidas con hematoxilina y eosina. Basados en los resultados presentes, es posible concluir que el etanol al 20 por ciento en el agua de beber, administrado a ratas lactantes, provoca los siguientes efectos: reducción significativa del peso corporal, alteraciones de las trabéculas del hueso alveolar, observadas estereológicamente, evidenciadas por trabéculas delicadas y poco calcificadas, con médula abundante, núcleos menores en osteoblastos y osteocitos y más achatados en los primeros, y con osteocitos de volúmenes citoplasmático y celular menor y densidad numérica mayor.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Ethanol/pharmacology , Lactation , Alveolar Process , Alveolar Process/pathology , Animals, Suckling , Decalcification, Pathologic/chemically induced , Jaw Diseases/chemically induced , Ethanol/adverse effects , Karyometry , Osteoblasts , Osteoblasts/pathology , Body Weight , Rats, Wistar
5.
RBP Rev. bras. implantodont. protese implant ; 10(38): 137-141, abr.-jun. 2003. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-366062

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar histologicamente o destino de membrana óssea descalcificada de origem bovina, aplicada em contato com osso e com tecido conjuntivo subcutâneo. A membrana foi previamente obtida de mandíbula bovina, descalcificada e conservada em glicerina. Foram empregados 15 ratos albinos, submetidos a intervenção cirúrgica, para expor as tíbias e o espaço conjuntivo subcutâneo dorsal, onde se implantou a membrana. O estudo histológico foi feito em lâminas preparadas a partir de espécimes obtidos aos 60, 90 e 120 dias pós-operatórios. Concluiu-se que a membrana óssea descalcificada provoca reação inflamatória crônica, com tentativas de reabsorção, e depois permanece incorporada ao hospedeiro, envolta em delgada faixa de fibroblastos e fibras colágenas. Nos casos de colocação em contato com a superfície óssea, a membrana também apresenta pontos de união com a mesma.


Subject(s)
Bone Regeneration , Connective Tissue , Decalcification, Pathologic , Guided Tissue Regeneration , Membranes
6.
Rev. dent. press ortodon. ortop. maxilar ; 6(2): 41-8, mar.-abr. 2001. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-298451

ABSTRACT

Este artigo apresenta efeitos do tratamento ortodontico sobre o esmalte dentário e aborda o potencial iatrogênicos dos materiais e procedimentos utilizados na prática ortodôntica


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Dental Enamel , Orthodontics , Tooth Demineralization , Decalcification, Pathologic
8.
Bauru; s.n; 1998. 139 p. ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-246479

ABSTRACT

O propósito deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade osteoindutora da matriz dentinária autógena descalcificada (MDAD), em defeitos ósseos cirúrgicos experimentais no osso parietal de coelho, associada à regeneraçäo óssea guiada com o uso de Membrana Amniótica Humana (MAH) e Membrana de Politetrafluoretileno (MP). Nesta pesquisa, foram empregados 72 coelhos adultos com peso médio de aproximadamente 4,5Kg e divididos em dois grupos controles, MAH e MP, e dois grupos experimentais, MAH associada à MDAD e MP associada à MDAD. Após a confecçäo do defeito ósseo, nos grupos controles, as respectivas membranas foram colocadas na superfície e no assoalho da loja cirúrgica e a cavidade foi preenchida pelo coágulo sanguineo. Nos grupos experimentais, implantou-se fatias de MDAD na periferia do defeito ósseo e colocou-se membrana na superfície e no assoalho do defeito ósseo. Em seguida, procedeu-se à sutura do periosteo sobre as membranas e da pele. Decorridos 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 e 120 dias, três coelhos de cada grupo foram sacrificados. As peças contendo os defeitos ósseos foram removidas em bloco, fixadas em formol a 10 por cento e submetidas a análise macroscópica, análise radiográfica com radiografia digital direta, sistema DIGORA, e a análise microscópica. Os resultados obtidos possibilitaram concluir que a MAH e a MP näo interferiram no processo de reparo ósseo, a MP permaneceu na regiäo de implantaçäo durante todos os períodos estudados e a MAH foi reabsorvida. As fatias de MDAD estimularam a neoformaçäo óssea de forma direta, sendo rapidamente incorporadas ao osso neoformado e reabsorvidas durante o processo de remodelaçäo óssea


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Adult , Rabbits , Bone Regeneration , Decalcification, Pathologic/physiopathology , Craniotomy , Dental Materials/chemistry , Membranes/surgery , Parietal Bone/abnormalities , Parietal Bone/surgery , Pathology, Oral
9.
Arch. med. res ; 27(4): 481-3, 1996. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-200350

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this paper is to report the preparation of a new technetium-99m-radiopharmaceutical for bone scanning. The chelating agent for99mTc is a new bisphosphonate, alendronate, 4-amino-1-hydroxy-butylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate (ABP) used as a treatment for osteoporosis. ABP, because of its amino group, seems to be better suited to form a strong and stable complex with technetium-99m and therefore might be better than 99mTc-etidronate (HEDP) or 99mTc-medronate (MDP) for bone scanning. A sterile dry kit containing APB, a reducing agent and a stabilizer was prepared. The parameters studied were molar concentrations, pH, shelf life, labeling efficiency and radiochemical purity. the oven dried sterile kit was formulated with 5 mg ABP, 0.25 mg stannous fluoride and 0.025 mg gentisic acid at pH2.5-3.5. The labeling efficiency with 20 - 1500 MBq of pertechnetate (99mTcO4-) was over 95 percent at room temperature and was stable for 5 h. Technetium-99m-alendronate was tested in two rabbits and it proved to be a promising new radiopharmaceutical for bone scanning. Work is underway to study underway to study 99m-Tc-ABP biodistribution in a statistically significant number of laboratory animals and, later on, to determine radiopharmacokinetic parameters in normal volunteers


Subject(s)
Bone and Bones , Decalcification, Pathologic/physiopathology , Diphosphonates , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning/methods , Osteoporosis/therapy , Radiochemistry/methods , Technetium Compounds
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